Linux is the first truly free Unix-like operating system. The underlying GNU Project was launched in 1983 by Richard Stallman originally to develop a Unix-compatible operating system called GNU, intended to be entirely free software. Many programs were contributed by developers all around the world, and by 1991 most of the components of the system were ready but had a missing kernel.
In 1991, Linus Torvalds (a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland named )who had been using Minix, a non-free Unix-like system, began writing his own kernel. He started by developing device drivers and hard-drive access, and by September had a basic design that he called Version 0.01. This kernel, which is called Linux, was afterwards combined with the GNU system to produce a complete free operating system.
On October 5th, 1991, Torvalds announced the release of Version 0.02, a basic version that still needed Minix to operate, but which attracted considerable interest nevertheless. The kernel was then rapidly improved by Torvalds and a large number of developers communicating over the Internet.By December 19th a functional, stand-alone Unix-like Linux system was released as Version 0.11 under a freeware license.
Later on Version 0.12 (under the well established GNU General Public License) and Version 0.95 was released, an improved, stable kernel. A growing group of distributed programmers continued to debug, develop, and enhance the source code baseline to this day.After several versions ,in late December of 1993 ,the linux kernel of version 1.0 was released on 14 March of 1994.
Resources. The following sites provide more information on Linux:
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